![Adversarial machine learning and instrumental variables for flexible causal modeling - Microsoft Research Adversarial machine learning and instrumental variables for flexible causal modeling - Microsoft Research](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2020/12/minimax_blog_figure2.png)
Adversarial machine learning and instrumental variables for flexible causal modeling - Microsoft Research
![Dr Ellie Murray, ScD on Twitter: "First, instrumental variables and causal graphs: An instrument is a special type of variable that is associated (causally or otherwise) with the exposure you're interested in. Dr Ellie Murray, ScD on Twitter: "First, instrumental variables and causal graphs: An instrument is a special type of variable that is associated (causally or otherwise) with the exposure you're interested in.](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D4h61w5W4AAB_fX.jpg)
Dr Ellie Murray, ScD on Twitter: "First, instrumental variables and causal graphs: An instrument is a special type of variable that is associated (causally or otherwise) with the exposure you're interested in.
![causality - Can an instrumental variable equation be written as a directed acyclic graph (DAG)? - Cross Validated causality - Can an instrumental variable equation be written as a directed acyclic graph (DAG)? - Cross Validated](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bDDQS.png)
causality - Can an instrumental variable equation be written as a directed acyclic graph (DAG)? - Cross Validated
![Adversarial machine learning and instrumental variables for flexible causal modeling - Microsoft Research Adversarial machine learning and instrumental variables for flexible causal modeling - Microsoft Research](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2020/11/1400x788_Minimax_still_no_logo-1024x576.jpg)